How to Write a Haiku

Haiku is a traditional form of Japanese poetry that distills an experience, emotion, or observation into just a few words. Its simplicity belies its depth, making it a wonderful starting point for those new to poetry.

Whether you’re capturing a moment in nature or a fleeting feeling, this guide will help you craft a haiku that resonates.

What is a Haiku?

A haiku is a three-line poem with a specific syllable pattern: five syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five in the third (5-7-5). Originating in Japan, haiku traditionally focuses on nature, seasons, or human emotions. Its brevity requires careful word choice, creating a vivid snapshot in the reader’s mind.

Haiku Structure

The structure of a haiku is its most defining feature. While the 5-7-5 syllable pattern is common, modern haikus sometimes break these rules to prioritize meaning and impact over strict adherence to form.

Traditional haikus also incorporate:

• Kigo (Season Words): Words that reference a season, grounding the poem in a specific time.
• Kireji (Cutting Words): A word or phrase that creates a pause or adds emphasis.

How to Write a Haiku

1. Choose a Theme or Subject: Traditional haikus often focus on nature or seasons, but you can write about any topic—emotions, daily life, or even abstract concepts.

2. Outline the 5-7-5 Structure: Begin by drafting the poem in the standard format. Focus on expressing a single moment or observation.

3. Use Sensory Language: Incorporate descriptions that appeal to sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. This will make your haiku more vivid and engaging.

4. Include a Seasonal or Cutting Word (Optional): If you’re inspired by traditional haikus, add a seasonal reference or a cutting word to create emphasis.

Characteristics of a Good Haiku

To craft a compelling haiku, focus on:

• Imagery: Use vivid descriptions that appeal to the senses. Instead of saying “tree,” describe the texture, sound, or motion of its leaves. Learn more about imagery here.
• Contrast or Juxtaposition: Present two contrasting ideas, allowing the reader to form connections.
• Minimalism: Keep language simple and direct. Every word should add value and deepen the poem’s meaning. Read about minimalist poetry for more details.

Haiku Mistakes to Avoid

• Overly Complicated Language: A haiku should be accessible and transparent. Avoid convoluted phrases or obscure vocabulary.
• Ignoring Traditional Elements: Even if you opt for a non-traditional format, incorporating aspects like a kigo or juxtaposition adds layers to your haiku.
• Focusing on Form Over Meaning: The 5-7-5 format is a guideline, not a rule. Don’t sacrifice meaning for the sake of syllable count.

Examples of Haiku Poems

Below you’ll find some examples of haiku poetry. You’ll notice that some follow the strict 5-7-5 format, while others do not.

Haiku [for you], by Sonia Sanchez

love between us is

speech and breath. loving you is

a long river running.

[Grasses wilt:] by Yamaguchi Seishi

Grasses wilt:

the braking locomotive

grinds to a halt.

[Everything I touch] by Kobayashi Issa

Everything I touch

with tenderness, alas,

pricks like a bramble

Tips for Revising and Refining Your Haiku

• Read Aloud: Pay attention to rhythm and flow. Each line should lead smoothly into the next.
• Experiment with Word Choice: Swap out words to find the perfect balance between meaning and syllable count.
• Seek Feedback: Share your haiku with others. Fresh perspectives can highlight areas for improvement.

Haiku FAQs

How many syllables are in haikus?

A traditional haiku has a total of 17 syllables, arranged in three lines following a 5-7-5 pattern.

What is the difference between a haiku and a senryū?

While both haiku and senryū share the same structure, haikus focus on nature and seasonal themes, whereas senryū highlight human nature, emotions, or satire.

Does a haiku rhyme?

No, haikus typically do not rhyme. Their impact comes from imagery and the contrast between lines rather than rhyme schemes.

Ready to Give Haiku Poetry a Try?

Haikus are an incredibly accessible form of poetry. Whether you want to try something new, or get back to basics, you can trust that writing a few haikus will help you get there.

Reach out to us on social media if you try writing a haiku. As a reminder, From Whispers to Roars also accepts poetry submissions (haikus included) when submissions are open!